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- ESSAY, Page 80Trusting Ourselves with the News
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- By Michael Kinsley
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- They say it's Saddam Hussein's last weapon: the sight of
- Iraqi civilians killed and maimed by American bombs. Even if
- Saddam did not actually arrange for the martyrdom of these
- innocents, he has been using dead civilians in an attempt to
- undermine his opponents' resolve. But he needs help. So he has
- invited in the media of the nations allied against him, while
- carefully restricting what they can see and report. And --
- presto! -- the media send the images he wants around the world.
- Are journalists aiding and comforting the enemy? Should
- somebody pull the plug?
-
- No one, or almost no one, is talking censorship. The
- question is the responsibility of the media themselves. In
- wartime, when young men and women are preparing to give up
- their lives, shouldn't the media be decently prepared to give
- up some of their freedom? Are they (we) journalists first or
- patriots? Patriot missiles stop Saddam's weapons from reaching
- their targets. Shouldn't journalistic patriots do the same?
-
- In fact there is no conflict here between journalism and
- patriotism. Consider those dreadful pictures of civilian
- casualties. Civilian casualties are inevitable and arguably
- justified in fighting a just war. But in a democracy, people
- have the right to make that decision for themselves. And they
- can't decide if they don't know. Saddam's propaganda weapon of
- advertising civilian casualties could succeed only by
- persuading people that the war is a bad idea and ought to
- cease. But if that did happen -- if enough people were genuinely
- convinced -- then, indeed, the war ought to cease.
-
- People who watch the television reports from Baghdad bomb
- sites and turn purple with rage at the persuasive effect these
- may be having on viewers are saying, in essence: I am smart
- enough to put all this information in its proper perspective,
- but other people are stupider than I. I will sort out the facts
- from the propaganda, fill in what's missing (e.g., unshown
- brutalities in Kuwait) and make an intelligent judgment, but
- other people won't. I can absorb the emotional impact of the
- terrible imagery of war without losing my ability to reason,
- but other people cannot. I am responsible enough to weigh the
- consequences of reversing course now that war has started, but
- my fellow citizens are not to be trusted.
-
- Or perhaps the angry ones are saying: I myself am not to be
- trusted with the sight of piles of dead children. We've made
- the decision to go to war; now stop me before I think again.
- Such doubts about oneself and others may even be justified.
- Many people are fools. But in a democracy we have no choice
- except to trust ourselves.
-
- If Saddam did manage to convince majorities in the Western
- democracies that the war against him should stop, fewer
- soldiers would die, not more. So invoking the sacrifices of our
- fighting troops is a red herring. But critics of the reporting
- from Baghdad make a more elaborate argument as well. Scenes of
- dead Iraqis, they say, will inflame the famously flammable Arab
- masses. Uprisings will threaten the Arab governments in the
- anti-Saddam coalition. This could force President Bush to start
- a ground war earlier than he otherwise might. And therefore
- more soldiers would die.
-
- It is true that America's Arab allies are not democracies
- and do not have freedom of the press. Egypt has been
- scrupulously censoring TV reports from Baghdad. But this is not
- carte blanche for others to treat Arabs the way their leaders
- do. It is surely not the role of the Western press to prevent
- the people of these countries from learning the truth and
- having their say if they can. If George Bush were to start a
- ground war in order to get it over before too many people, be
- they Arabs or non-Arabs, change their minds, it would take true
- Rube Goldberg reasoning to blame the resulting casualties on
- the press.
-
- Communications technology, especially satellite television,
- is one of the world's great liberating forces. It gets harder
- every day for undemocratic leaders to control what their people
- see and hear. It would be ironic for Westerners to attempt mind
- control that local dictators cannot.
-
- As for viewers in the West, this, the first real-time TV
- war, reinforces the concern of some that the combination of
- democracy and television may make fighting a war nearly
- impossible. Seeing war's horrors will turn people against it.
- There may be something in this. But if so, so be it. If you are
- worried that dictatorships therefore have an unfair advantage
- in world affairs, your quarrel is with democracy, not with
- journalism.
-
- But doesn't it change the equation that journalists in
- Baghdad are not permitted to report the "whole truth"? The
- choice, of course, is not between partial truth and the whole
- truth; it is between partial truth and no truth at all. Reports
- from Baghdad, on CNN for example, come with more warning labels
- than a bottle of pills. But no amount of caveats and
- qualifications will satisfy some people, who want no pictures
- of dead Iraqis unless "balanced" by pictures of dead Kuwaitis.
- They are like people who complain that the media never report
- all the planes that land safely.
-
- And their argument, if taken seriously, would foreclose
- reporting most information from the allied side, since it also
- is censored and one-sided. We see videos of smart bombs hitting
- buildings but no videos of stupid bombs missing buildings. Yes,
- sure, we can trust the good guys more than we can trust the bad
- guys. But that is because we believe the good guys are
- generally committed to truth as a value in its own right. That
- belief is undermined by those who argue that we should deny
- ourselves the truth from Baghdad for our own good.
-
- There is a legitimate place for deception in wartime. If
- misleading Saddam about, say, when the ground war starts
- required deceiving citizens of the allied countries as well,
- few journalists would object. The test is simple: Is the
- genuine purpose to deny truth to the enemy? To deny truth to
- the folks back home because they might not handle it properly
- is to deny the premise of democracy. Real patriots don't do
- that.
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